NOUN CLAUSE and CONJUNCTION

Pengertian Noun Clause

Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:

1. Subjek kalimat (subject of a sentence)
2. Objek verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)
3. Objek preposisi (object of a preposition)
4. Pelengkap (complement)
5. Pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

Contoh Noun Clause :


1. Noun Clause sebagai Subjek Kalimat ( subject of a sentence )

• What you said doesn’t convince me at all.
• How he becomes so rich makes people curious.
• What the salesman has said is untrue.
• That the world is round is a fact. 

2. Noun Clause sebagai Verba Transitif ( Object of a Transitive verb )

• I know what you mean.
• I don’t understand what he is talking about.
• He said that his son would study in Australia 

3. Noun Clause Sebagai Preposisi ( object of a Preposition )

• Please listen to what your teacher is saying.
• Budi pays full attention to how the native speaker is pronouncing the English word
• Be careful of what you’re doing. 

4. Noun Clause sebagai Pelengkap ( Completment )

• The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.
• This is what I want.
• That is what you need.

5. Noun Clause sebagai Pemberi Keterangan Tambahan ( Noun in Apposition )

• The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.
• The fact that Rudi always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

 

Noun Clause Exercise

Find out the noun clauses in the following sentences and state what purpose they serve.
1.    The king ordered that the traitor should be put to death.
2.    He said that he would not go.
3.    That he is not interested in the offer is known to us.
4.    He said that he was not feeling well.
5.    I cannot rely on what he says.
6.    I don’t know where he has gone.
7.    He asked whether the servant had polished his shoes.
8.    The news that he is alive has been confirmed.
9.    The belief that the soul is immortal is almost universal.
10.    It is certain that we will have to admit defeat.
11.    It was fortunate that he was present.
12.    The report that only ten persons were killed in the riots is not true.
Answers
1.    Here the noun clause ‘that the traitor should be put to death’ is that object of the verb ordered.
2.    Here the noun clause ‘that he would not go’ is the object of the verb said.
3.    Here the noun clause ‘that he is not interested in the offer’ is the subject of the verb is.
4.    Here the noun clause ‘that he was not feeling well’ is the object of the verb said.
5.    Here the noun clause ‘what he says’ is the object of the preposition on.
6.    Here the noun clause ‘where he has gone’ is the object of the verb know.
7.    Here the noun clause ‘whether the servant had polished his shoes’ is the object of the verb asked.
8.    Here the noun clause ‘that he is alive’ is in apposition to the noun news.
9.    Here the noun clause ‘that the soul is immortal’ is in apposition to the noun belief.
10.    Here the noun clause ‘that we will have to admit defeat’ is in apposition to the pronoun it.
11.    Here the noun clause ‘that he was present’ is in apposition to the pronoun it.
12.    Here the noun clause ‘that only ten persons were killed in the riots’ is in apposition to the noun report.

  

CONJUNCTION

   A.  Pengertian

A conjunction (conj/cnj) merupakan salah satu macam kata yang menghubungkan 2 item (kata, kalimat, frasa, atau  klausa) secara bersama-sama.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia ‘conjunction’ disebut juga sebagai kata penghubung, perangkai, ataupun kata sambung.

    B.     Bentuk-bentuk conjunctions/ kata penghubung

1.   Coordinating conjunction

Coordinating conjunctions, juga dipanggil ‘coordinators’, merupakan kata penghubung yang menghubungkan dua atau lebih kata, klausa, ataupun kalimat, yang mempunyai bentuk sintaksis (aturan dalam hal pembuatan kalimat) yang sama. Contoh-contoh kata penghubung coordinating yaitu: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Untuk memudahkan dalam menghafalnya biasa disingkat FANBOYS.

 Arti dan contoh dalam kalimat:

a.    For yang berarti ‘karena.’

 Contoh: Imamsyah Al-Hadi always keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in the dark.

Kata ‘for’ lebih umum digunakan sebagai preposition/kata depan yang bermakana ‘untuk.’

Contoh:A chew is used for cutting wood.

b.   And yang berarti ‘dan.’

Contoh: My sister lives in South Sulawesi, and my brother lives in North Sulawesi.

Perhatikan:

·      Muh. Rifqi enjoys lerning English, and he enjoys playing football.

·      Muh. Rifqi enjoys learning English and playing football.

(S + V) + koma ( S + V)

c.    Nor yang berarti ‘dan.’

Contoh: Ali doesn’t enjoy learning English , nor does he enjoy football. [kalimat negatif]

d.   But yang berarti ‘tetapi.’

Contoh:

·      Muh. Imran enjoys learning English, but he doesn’t enjoy playing football.

·      My shoes are old but comfortable.

e.    Yet yang berarti ‘namun.’

Contoh: Muh. Imran enjoys learning English, yet he doesn’t enjoy playing football.

f.    Or yang berarti ‘atau.’

Contoh:

·      Next month I will go to my hometown, or I may just stay in Makassar.

·      Next month I will go to my hometown or may just stay in Makassar.

g.      So yang berarti ‘jadi/ oleh karena itu.’

Contoh: I have a dream to go abgroad, so I have to study English more.

2.   Correlative conjunction

Correlative conjunctions, juga biasa disebut ‘paired conjunctions’,  merupakan kata penghubung yang berpasangan yang menyerasikan atau melaraskan 2 item (kata, kalimat, frasa, atau  klausa). Contohnya: both…and;  not only…but also; either…or; neither…nor.

 Arti dan contoh dalam kalimat:

a.    Both…and yang beramakna ‘keduanya’

Contoh: Both Muh. Syihab and Muh. Hasan basri are the members of New Generation Club.

Dua subjek yang dihubungkan oleh ‘both…and’ adalah berbentuk jamak.

b.   Not only…but also yang bermakna ‘tidak hanya…tapi juga’

Contoh:

·      Not only my sister but also my brother is in Makassar.

·      Not only my sister but also my brothers are in Makassar.

Ketika ada dua subjek yang dihubungkan oleh not only…but also, either…or, or neither…nor’ maka subject yang lebih dekat dengan kata kerja yang akan menentukan apakah kata kerjanya berbentuk tunggal atau jamak.

c.    Either…or yang bermakana ‘baik…atau/juga’

Contoh:

·      Either my sister or my brother is in Makassar.

·      Either my sister or my brothers are in Makssar.

d.   Neither…nor yang bermakna ‘baik…maupun…tidak’

Contoh:

·      Neither my sister nor my brother is in Makassar.

·      Neither my sister nor my brothers are in Makssar.

            3.   Subordinating conjunction

Subordinating conjuctions, juga disebut ‘subordinators’, merupakan kata penghubung yang memperkenalkan sebuah kalimat. Kata penghubung ‘subordinating’ digunakan dalam adverb clause yang mana tidak bisa berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya kalimat yang menggandengnya. Contoh kata penghubung ‘subordinating’ yaitu sebagai berikut.

Time: after, before, when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, by the time, once, whenever, every time etc.

Cause and effect: because, now that, since etc.

Contrast: even though, although, though etc.

Direct contrast: while, whereas etc.

Condition: if, unless, only if, whether or not, even if, in case, in the even that etc.

Contoh dalam bentuk kalimat:

·      Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. [memakai koma]

·      He went to bed because he was sleepy. [tanpa koma]

·      Now that the semester is over, I’m going to go to my hometown. [memakai koma]

·      Since it’s raining, I can’t go to campuss. [memakai koma]

‘Since’ berarti ‘karena’, dan ‘now that’ berarti ‘karena sekarang.’

Untuk lebih jauh mengenai subordinating conjuction silahakan mencari buku yang membahasnya secara mendetail.